Unfortunately, Bio Diesel isn't as cheap as regular diesel. It is however, the least expensive alternative fuel.
The quantity requirements depend on logistics. For you Scott, there are a bunch of gas stations popping up that carry Bio Diesel right at the pump. There are two Bio Diesel manufacturers that have their main offices there in Pheonix, so there is a greater influence in one area.
If you are shipping in Drums, it does get costly. But again the location it is being shipped to and from will determine the costs.
The long term affects are great. All the major Diesel Manufaturers have accepted it as a replacement for Diesel engines. Cat, Detroit, Cummins, etc. You end up with better lubricity, an increase in Cetane and horsepower, and a decrease in overall maintenance. The Bio Diesel acts like a mild solvent. It will clean all of the build up out of the system. Th only thing different between running the Bio Diesel and straight diesel, is that you have to change out your fuel filters in the first month of running Bio Diesel. Simply because it cleans the engine and the tanks. One well known test was performed on a 1995 Dodge cummins diesel, and run for 100,000 miles. At the end of the test, they broke the entire engine down, and the inside of the engine was spotless. So, they put it back together and kept going. He is now at 150,000 miles and still running great!
Needless to say the biggest benefits are the emission reductions. No black smoke, no noxious fumes, and it does meet/ exceed the EPA regulations. It is also a RENEWABLE fuel. Not a petroleum product. It is grown domestically, manufacturered domestically, and all of the money stays here at home.
I could go on forever, so if I missed anything let me know. But here was your first lesson in Bio Diesel 101!!